Smt machine

Smt machines are also known as Pick and Place machines for the assembly process of the printed circuit board (PCB). The task is to pick the electronic components and place them on the empty circuited PCB board.

During the assembly process of the PCB board, the most important key factor is to get the components placed at the right place with an accuracy of 0.05mm. These factors can only be achieved by using a high-tech pick and place machine.

At first, the PCB board gets loaded from the PCB loader and the Solder Paste Printer applies the solder paste to the surface of the PCB board. Now the PCB board is ready for the pick and place process.

After solder paste is applied the conveyor passes the PCB board for the placement of components on the PCB board. The machine has a fixed width and length adjustment according to the size of the PCB board. The PCB board gets locked.

Adjustment of Mark Points 

Needs to scan the mark points first. Normally there is two mark points on a PCB board.

Accurate scanning of mark points confirms the position of the PCB board. The head moves to mark1 and the camera scans the mark point and saves it by taking the picture of mark1 likewise the head moves to mark2 and the camera scans the second mark2 saves the picture in the database.

Now the smt machine has successfully obtained the exact position of the PCB board. It’s the time of scanning the mounting pointing.

Scanning of Points for Mounting Process 

The linear camera scans each mounting point of the PCB board by taking the pictures and saves them into the database when scanning of the component is done the machine is ready for the picking of the components.

Picking of components

Each component is picked simultaneously from the electronic feeder. To pick up the right component the head comes to the feeder and picks up the electronic component with the help of the installed nozzle in front of the spindle.

There are multiple spindles in a machine’s head ranging from 4 to 10. Spindles are installed with different nozzles according to the component size.

Placement of Components

When the picking of the components is done there is a turn to place the components on the surface of the PCB board. Firstly each component is scanned by the flying camera and the nozzle adjusts the right dimension of the component after that the component will be placed on the surface of the PCB board.

After the placement of the suitable components, the PCB board is ready for the soldering process. The conveyor unlocks the PCB board and passes it to the soldering section.

Hardware

Major hardware parts include the guiding rails, servo motors, linear cameras, conveyor system, electronic system.

Structure Diagram

1. 1. Y-axis guiding rails are used to roll the head in the y-direction.

1. 1. The Y-axis guiding rail has a servo motor installed on the front side with a ball screw which helps to move the head on the Y-axis.

1. 1. The Head is placed on the X-axis with the rails attached

1. 1. Head moves on the top of the X-axis

1. 1. Feeder is installed 

1. 1. Cutting Blades are installed under the machine they are used to cut the feeder’s tape during the production process.

1. 1. The computer is installed with self-made software for the high processing of machine

8. 8. The conveyor is an important part which PCB drives on the surface of the conveyor.

8. 8. The conveyor adjustment system allows adjusting the width of the conveyor according to the size of the PCB board.

8. 8. The lock lifts up the bottom surface. To get the PCB fixed in the conveyor.

8. 8. An IC tray plate is installed to pick up the IC components while mounting.

8. 8. A linear camera is used to scan the component after picking it up from the feeder base.

Head

The Head of the is designed to scan, pick and place the component at a certain angle on the surface of the PCB board. The head is provided with certain air pressure. During mounting the head generates the vacuum to pick up the components and release the air pressure to place the components.

1. 1. The right side R axis motor is used to rotate the first four spindles into a 180-degree. direction.

1. 1. The left side R axis motor is used to rotate the last four spindles into a 180-degree direction for the right placement of the tiny chips.

1. 1. There is a flying camera attached in the center of the head which scans the chip while picking from the feeder.

1. 1. The air pressure is provided into the head to pick up and reread the components.

Air pressure

      

An external air pressure source between 0.5 Mpa to 0.7 Mpa.

PCB Passing Process

The PCB board comes inside gets mounted, and passes out from the other end of the conveyor.